DNS root servers are the foundation of the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy. They store information about the top-level domains (TLDs) such as .com, .org, and .gov, and respond to queries from DNS resolvers.
There are 13 DNS root servers in operation, identified by the letters A through M. They are located in various locations around the world and are operated by different organizations, including ICANN, Verisign, and the US military.
Each root server is configured with a copy of the root zone file, which contains information about the TLDs and their associated name servers. When a DNS resolver sends a query for a domain name, the root server uses the information in the root zone file to refer the resolver to the appropriate TLD server.
Proper documentation for DNS root servers is essential to ensure the proper functioning of the DNS system. This includes documentation on the configuration and operation of the root servers, as well as documentation on the root zone file and the process for making updates to it.
Some additional information that should be included in the documentation are:
- Root server’s IP addresses
- Contact information for the organization operating the server
- Description of the server’s hardware and software configurations
- Information on the security measures implemented to protect the server from attacks
- Details of the monitoring and troubleshooting procedures in place
- Information on the disaster recovery plan in case the server goes down.
It is important for the DNS root servers to be properly configured, maintained and protected to ensure that the Internet’s domain name system functions correctly.
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